In bivalve, development of female gonad is accompanied with accumulating lipids which provided energy resource for non-feeding larvae development. As the major transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism, Srebps play pivotal role in lipid homeostasis during oogenesis. However, little work was conducted on Srebps function in bivalves. The noble scallop Chlamys nobilis accumulated large amount of lipids in its gonad during oogenesis. Here, we identified a single Srebp gene (named Srebp-1) with a high similarity to human Srebp-1c. Disrupting Srebp-1 with Betulin (inhibiting the maturation of Srebp protein) repressed expression of lipogenic genes and de novo lipogenesis, and resulted in reduction of gonad index and lipid deposition, suggesting a crucial role of Srebp1 for gonad development and lipid synthesis in female gonad. Additionally, scallops with Srebp-1 disruption released fewer eggs with a reduction in their lipid content and D-larvae formation, revealing an impair of fecundity caused by Srebp-1 disruption. Cold exposure stimulated lipid accumulation which required Srebp-1 to regulate de novo lipogenesis and lipid uptake, providing a crosstalk of Srebp-1 activity and environmental variation on lipid accumulation in noble scallop. Thus, our study identified Srebp-1 as a central regulator coordinating the lipid synthesis and accumulation with gonad development in noble scallop.